At which OSI layer do routers operate?

Routers operate at the Network Layer of the OSI model, which is the third layer. This layer is responsible for the routing and forwarding of data packets across different networks. Routers use logical addresses (such as IP addresses) to determine the best path for data to travel, ensuring that packets reach their intended destination, potentially traversing multiple network segments.

By functioning at this layer, routers also handle tasks such as packet switching, traffic management, and ensuring connectionless communication. The Network Layer's primary role is to facilitate communication between devices located on different networks, making routers a crucial component in both local area networks (LANs) and wide area networks (WANs). Understanding the responsibilities of the Network Layer helps clarify why routers are essential for network functionality and connectivity.