How are bits represented on fiber optic cable?

In fiber optic cables, bits are represented as pulses of light. This technology relies on the principle of total internal reflection, where light signals are transmitted through a glass or plastic fiber. The data is encoded into light signals that are represented as on and off states, corresponding to binary 1s and 0s. When light is present, it signifies a "1" (on), and when it is absent, it signifies a "0" (off).

This method allows for efficient data transmission over long distances with minimal loss of signal quality, making fiber optics a preferred choice for high-speed communications and internet connectivity. The use of light pulses also enables a significantly higher bandwidth compared to traditional electrical signals, which further enhances data transmission capabilities.