What application manages internet resources and transmits them in response to web browser requests?

The application that manages internet resources and transmits them in response to web browser requests is an HTTP server. The role of an HTTP server is crucial in the functionality of the World Wide Web. When a user enters a URL into a web browser, the browser sends a request to the HTTP server. This server processes the request and serves up the necessary resources, such as HTML files, images, and videos, enabling the user's browser to display web pages.

HTTP servers follow the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP), which dictates how messages are formatted and transmitted, and how web servers and browsers should respond to various commands. Thus, they are specifically designed to handle requests and responses for web content.

The other applications mentioned serve different roles. An FTP client is used for transferring files between a client and a server over the File Transfer Protocol. A DNS resolver translates domain names into IP addresses, allowing devices to locate each other on the network. A mail server manages and transmits email between users. Each of these applications plays a distinct role in internet operations, but none directly manage and transmit resources upon the requests of a web browser like an HTTP server does.