What occurs when a router forwards data packets from one network to another?

When a router forwards data packets from one network to another, it inspects the packet header address to determine the best next destination for that packet. This process involves examining the destination IP address contained within the header of the packet to make routing decisions. Routers use routing tables to map networks and identify the most efficient path to forward the packet toward its destination. By doing this, they ensure that data packets reach their intended recipient efficiently and accurately.

The action of inspecting the packet header is fundamental to the operation of routers, allowing them to function effectively within different networking environments and ensuring interoperability across diverse network segments. This capability is vital for maintaining robust communication within the Internet and other large-scale networks.