To resolve Fully Qualified Domain Names (FQDNs) to binary IP addresses, resolvers contact which type of TCP/IP application server?

When it comes to resolving Fully Qualified Domain Names (FQDNs) to their associated binary IP addresses, the appropriate type of TCP/IP application server that resolvers contact is the Domain Name System (DNS). The DNS serves as a hierarchical system that translates human-friendly domain names, which are easier to remember, into the numerical IP addresses needed for the underlying networking protocols to facilitate communication over the Internet.

By using DNS, when a device queries a domain name, it sends a request to a DNS server, which then looks up the name in its records and returns the corresponding IP address. This core functionality is essential for routing traffic on the Internet, enabling devices to find each other without needing to memorize numeric addresses.

The other options listed do not serve this purpose. DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) is primarily used for assigning IP addresses to devices on a network, FTP (File Transfer Protocol) is used for transferring files between systems, and HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) is the foundational protocol used for transmitting web pages. None of these protocols is designed to resolve domain names into IP addresses like DNS does, which solidifies the correctness of the choice made.