Which protocol has a header of 5 bytes and a trailer of 3 bytes?

The Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) is known for its specific framing structure, which indeed includes a header of 5 bytes and a trailer of 3 bytes. This protocol is widely used for establishing direct connections between two network nodes and provides a standard method for encapsulating multiple network layer protocols over point-to-point links.

The structure of PPP's frame consists of a 1-byte flag at the beginning and end to indicate the start and end of the frame, a 2-byte address field, a 1-byte control field, and a protocol field that varies in size but adds up to a total of 5 bytes for the header. The trailer, typically consisting of a Frame Check Sequence (FCS) for error detection, is usually 2 bytes plus an additional byte for the ending flag, which results in a total trailer size of 3 bytes.

Understanding that other protocols like Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP), and User Datagram Protocol (UDP) have different header and trailer lengths is essential. For instance, TCP has a minimum header size of 20 bytes (without options) and no trailer, while UDP has an 8-byte header and no trailer. ICMP also has a standard header size but